Why does the medical community not make this information available for all pregnant women? Therefore it is essential that the attempt be made through safe and effective maternal positioning in order to create a path to a more expedient, less painful and more satisfying delivery for every woman and fetus. Malpositioned infants are associated with labor abnormalities that may lead to adverse maternal and neonatal consequences. Malpresentation, especially that of OP, occiput posterior (looking at the stars, sunny side up), pose challenges in every aspect of intrapartum (during labor) care. Maternal positioning has been shown to improve the incidence of all of these except that of “multiple gestation.” Per ACOG, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the most common indications for primary cesarean delivery in order of frequency is labor dystocia (a stall or cease in the dilitation of the cervix or the descent of the fetus), abnormal or indeterminate fetal heart rate tracing, fetal malpresentation, multiple gestation and suspected fetal macrosomia. Since 1997, the cesarean section rate in the U.S, per the CDC and NCHS, has increased 41%. Why is the correct position for birth important? The woman might feel pain on one side of her body or back. Leopold’s maneuver will palpate the infant in a non-straight up and down position. Many women have back labor with an occiput posterior infant.Īsynclitic: Vertex (head) of infant is not flexed and is often off to the maternal left or right. Leopold’s maneuver will palpate small parts of infant on maternal belly. OP (Occiput Posterior): infant’s spine will be against maternal spine, face looking up towards maternal belly button. Leopold’s maneuver will palpate infant’s back on maternal right just right of center. ROA (Right Occiput Anterior): infant spine on maternal right but looking towards the maternal spine. Leopold’s maneuver will palpate the infant back on maternal right side. When you look up at the maternal uterus, the heavy side will be on maternal right. ROT (Right Occiput Transverse): Infant’s spine is on the maternal right and the infant looking at the maternal left. The acronyms of the malpositioned infants are as follows: I am of the opinion that the relaxation of the lower uterine muscles will assist in the rotation of the infant into the head down or vertex position but you will have to visit other respectable websites such as Spinning Babies, in order to learn how to turn a breech. This website does not refer to the breech infant in respect to any aspect of Gilligan’s Guide. What do I mean when I say malpresentation? If we as caregivers, would put more emphasis on the Passenger, at term and in labor, the cesarean rate would fall.” -Ann Gilligan, RN Power (contractions), Passenger (infant), and Passage (pelvis), and Psyche (mental state). Remember, in relation to labor and delivery, there are four things that need to be addressed. We discuss dilitation, effacement and station, but ignore position. “One of the most important aspects of a laboring primigravida (a woman who is pregnant for the first time) is the position of her infant in utero. Carol Phillips Jean Sutton, PNM Gail Tully, CPM Rebecca Dekker, RN, PhD Penny Simkin, PT Jean Sutton, NM and Lisa Cook, RN, for their teachings. Special thanks to my thousands of clients who demonstrated great power and strength through their birth journeys, and Dr. If you are a member of the birth community Physician, Nurse, CNM or doula, I would love to teach you personally, the anatomy and physiology behind Gilligan’s Guide. I am very proud of how the guide has come together with the help of all of my educational opportunities and my many mentors. Gilligan’s Guide will be provided to you on our first visit, accompanied by a full demonstration and explanations of each position and their benefits. I am also recommending that you use a doptone or an external fetal monitor to monitor the infant’s heart rate when doing any type of maternal positioning. Since I am a Registered Nurse, safety is always the first thing on my mind. Please, always consult your provider before using the Guide. It is safe, simple and efficient for everyone to use. We refer to this as “Maternal Positioning for Optimal Fetal Positioning”. Gilligan’s Guide is an algorithm (a graphic chart that is easy to follow) which assists the pregnant person’s body to rotate their unborn infant into the optimal or best position for birth.
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There are multiple treatment methods available to those who suffer with unspecified personality disorder, which will range in effectiveness depending upon what symptoms an individual is experiencing and what underlying cause has been determined. Treatment for Unspecified Personality Disorder The exact symptoms of one’s disorder will often lead to a discovery and better understanding of the cause in a given individual. A difficult childhood, as characterized by physical or emotional abuse, as well as stress or a particularly traumatic event may also be the underlying cause for the development of this disorder. On a physical note, unspecified personality disorder (or any other personality disorder) may stem from genes or a chemical imbalance in the brain. There’s not a single cause for any given personality disorder, instead there is a range of physical and psychological reasons that may be to blame-these are determined on a case-by-case basis. What Causes Unspecified Personality Disorder? Is It Preventable? According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the most important and essential factor is a long-term pattern of behavior and internal feelings that differ greatly from what is normal or expected. Diagnosing Unspecified Personality Disorder DSM-5 301.9 (F60.9)Īs previously touched on, the symptoms of unspecified personality disorder can vary from person-to-person, but they typically mimic those of other personality disorders. Furthermore, the underlying causes of this disorder-whether physical or psychological-are often similar to those of other personality disorders as well. However, sometimes an individual displays a wide range of symptoms across several personality disorders-in this case, a diagnosis of unspecified personality disorder is oftentimes determined. And those with histrionic personality disorder demand to be the center of attention, act sexually inappropriate, and display unpredictable emotions. For instance, those with narcissistic personality disorder are excessively conceited, feel a sense of entitlement, and belittle people around them. These mental illnesses are characterized by strange thinking, feeling, and behavioral patterns, which cause individuals marked distress and/or functional issues. There are several personality disorders that can have a direct and harmful effect on those who suffer with them-a few examples include dependent personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder. The acquisition of KeySpan was completed on 24 August 2007, following government and regulatory approval and endorsement by the shareholders of the two companies. The acquisitions of the two natural gas delivery companies doubled the size of National Grid's American subsidiary, creating the second largest utility in the United States with more than 8 million customers. Around the same time, National Grid also announced the acquisition of New England Gas Company, a Rhode Island subsidiary of Southern Union Company. In February 2006, National Grid announced that it had agreed to buy KeySpan Corporation, a gas distributor and electricity producer in the United States, for $7.3bn (£4.1bn) in cash. On 26 July 2005, National Grid Company was renamed National Grid Electricity Transmission plc, and on 10 October 2005, Transco was renamed National Grid Gas plc. In July 2005, National Grid Transco was renamed National Grid plc. NGT kept ownership of four other distribution networks, which make up almost half of Great Britain's gas distribution network. In August 2004, National Grid Transco agreed to sell four of its regional gas distribution networks for a total cash consideration of £5.8 billion. In 2004, the company was found liable for a gas explosion in Transco plc v HM Advocate and subsequently fined £15 million. which was acquired as part of the merger with Lattice Group for a nominal £1 to Hutchison Whampoa in December 2002. National Grid Group changed its name to National Grid Transco plc. In October 2002, National Grid Group merged with Lattice Group, owner of the Transco gas distribution business (Lattice had demerged from BG Group in 2000). In January 2002, National Grid Group acquired Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation, a New York State utility. In March 2000, National Grid Group acquired United States companies New England Electric System and Eastern Utilities Associates. With the beginning of the new millennium, National Grid pursued mergers and international acquisitions. The company was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in December 1995. In 1990, the transmission activities of the CEGB were transferred to the National Grid Company plc, which was owned by the twelve regional electricity companies (RECs) through a holding company, National Grid Group plc. National Grid and acquisitions (1990–1999) Its generation (or upstream) activities were transferred to three generating companies - PowerGen, National Power, and Nuclear Electric (later British Energy, eventually EDF Energy)-and its transmission (or downstream) activities to the National Grid Company. The present electricity market in the United Kingdom was built upon the breakup of the CEGB into four separate companies in the 1990s. Main article: Central Electricity Generating Boardīefore 1990, both the generation and transmission activities in England and Wales were under the responsibility of the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB). Remember, this simulation software is specially made for training purposes and might not be ideal for any other use. Prepar3D will offer you an extended range of learning scenarios include airplane cockpit familiarization, air traffic controller training, flight planning, and emergency response preparation. Unlike other sims, this flight training simulation has 3d dynamic trees and vegetation that sway in the wind to give you a truly immersive and realistic feel. It incorporates worldwide vector data including costliness, roads, lakes, rivers, rail lines, parks, utility lines, etc., for increased realism. Prepar3D involves a more accurate topography all around the world that makes you feel like you actually fling there. You can even customize its atmosphere to give you full control over seasons, time of the day, real-time weather, and various lighting effects. It features 3D rain and snow to strengthen your immersion of scenarios where weather conditions are a key factor.īecause the sim has a whole earth WGS-84 training environment, you can easily train anywhere across the globe. The Windows 10 flight simulator lets you create training scenarios on aviation ground and maritime domains, for more immersive training through realistic environments. The extensive configuration, options, settings give you more control over this flight simulator. It serves as a great training tool for private pilots, academia, commercial organizations, and militaries who want nothing but immersive, experiential training. Prepar3D bases its origins on the Microsoft flight simulator but is specially designed as a training software for professionals by Lockheed-Martin, the US-based aircraft manufacturer. The simulator comes in a paid demo and a full version which is within an affordable cost for most gamers and pilots. Each X-Plane upgrade releaser offers you more scenery, extra functions, and bugs are resolved-making the simulator better and more complete with every new update! The devs are always working towards developments and like to let you know which features they’re currently working on. The simulator also focuses on little touches like detailed weather modeling and the potential for system failures.ĭon’t forget that this sim is also fast. The publishers recreated mar’s atmosphere and shuttle controls using NASA data-your dream to fly across planets just got real! You can also fly outside earth’s orbit and over Mars with this simulator. These airports even feature hangars, roaming fuel trucks, and pushback tugs for serving your aircraft and the sim’s AI-powered planes. It also presents you with detailed 3D scenery for 13,000plus “living” airports across the globe, letting you travel to your favorite airport without leaving your home. The incredibly realistic flight sim comes with true-to-life cockpits of multiple airplane models to offer you a realistic flying feeling. The sim is available for both Mac and PC. It boasts being one of the most realistic flight simulators such that it is even used as a research tool in the aviation world. X-Plane is a standalone flight sim platform, developed by Laminair Research. Whether you’re looking for a flight sim to play with friends and challenge each other for a heart-pounding race or you’re a pilot, Microsoft flight simulator X standard will give you a totally immersive and realistic flying experience right in the comfort of your gaming chair. You can even fly over your home town and easily navigate by the streets below the town. The authentic road layouts further enhance realism. The use of AI-controlled jetways, fuel trucks, and moving baggage carts boosts the realism level of this simulation. You can also pick different roles when playing this game from the pilot, co-pilot, or air traffic controller and test your skills on more than 80 different flight missions. You’ll enjoy taking control of planes like the EH-101 helicopter, F/A-18 Hornet, 747, P-51D Mustang, among others. With this sim, you’ll get to choose an aircraft for every kind of flying/adventure. It presents you with navigation, advanced GPS, airways, 18 plane types, 24,000plus airports, and up to 28 detailed cities around the planet. The MSFS features everything you need for a realistic flying experience. The sim has been around since the 80s but the 2020 version is the latest-and the best addition to the series-with excellent graphic quality and a fantastic breadth of content. This is one of the best flight simulator software on the market used by hundreds of thousands of users across the globe. Download icons in all formats or edit them for your designs. These free images are pixel perfect to fit your design and available in both PNG and vector. Get free Progress bar icons in iOS, Material, Windows and other design styles for web, mobile, and graphic design projects. However, if you are feeling up to it and want to make your own, check out our article on How to Create Your Own Progress Bar with CSS. Download 381 free Progress bar Icons in All design styles. Hopefully, they inspire you to get started and maybe select the one you like most and use it. They are easy to use and quick to integrate into your website. I’ve prepared some great HTML & CSS progress bar examples. Background processes are not exactly visible to the user so you have to let them know what is going on. Download this Circle Loading Progress Bar Vector, Circle, Loading, Progress PNG transparent background or vector file for free. Installs or Updates: It is good to indicate how long an install or update will take.You might want to display the number of email invites that have been accepted in a progress bar. Metrics: Another usage for progress bars is displaying metrics.File Download: When you download a file from the internet, it is great to understand how much is downloaded and how long it will take, giving the user real-time feedback.File Upload: As on YouTube when you upload a video file, it will give you feedback on how long it will take to upload and where it is from 0% to 100%.There are a few different situations where a CSS loading bar might be useful, the general purpose is to give the user feedback and keep them updated. These progress bars need to be real-time and updated without any freezing or lagging, otherwise, that might deter users away from poor performance. Especially on the web, as some users will simply click away if they think your page is broken.Ī CSS progress bar is a great way to let a user know what is going on and how long something is taking. The perfect Loading Buffering Buffer Animated GIF for your conversation. Discover and Share the best GIFs on Tenor. Progress feedback is so important for the user experience. Details File Size: 634KB Duration: 6.500 sec Dimensions: 498x498 Created:, 8:12:01 PM. Pngtree provides millions of free png, vectors, clipart images and psd graphic resources for designers. No one likes a frozen page while something in the background is happening. Download this Futuristic Progress Loading Bars Vector, Icon, Circle, Digital PNG clipart image with transparent background for free. Whether you are uploading or downloading something, or even waiting for some progress to complete, it is good practice to let your users know what is going on with a CSS progress bar animation. I followed up and found the resistance was enough to warrant use during my mobility and circuit workouts. Image: The people over at Physiclo did their own investigations of the muscle activity and metabolic differences with resistance pants and shorts. While doing tempo runs in them, we noticed about a 10-15% increase in heart rate going the same velocities, and far more DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness) in the anterior thighs from the lower abdominals about halfway down the quads. I like them for coaching because I can wear them under sweatpants as a way to challenge myself for a few hours without being overwhelmed. Soccer players crave them because they like using them in the off-season to build their muscles around the hip joint in a natural way. The pants are for running or lighter athletes only, as American football and rugby athletes will find them very binding. The resistance of Physiclo pants is perfect for base training: circuits, drills, mobility routines.Īt first I considered the product great for fitness enthusiasts that wanted to burn a few more calories in their workouts, but after three months of seeing noticeable changes with different athletes, I am a fan. I was uneasy trying the Physiclo product at first, but became very happy within a few weeks because its resistance was perfect for base training, meaning General Preparation Phase workouts like circuits, drills, and mobility routines. The pants are a combination of spandex-like material and woven resistance fibers that are so thin, you can feel the resistance like a “gravity skin.” Most of the resistance is felt during hip flexion, but some lateral motion is resisted as well.Ĭoaches have tried ankle weights and weighted pants for years, and those options didn’t resonate with me or the athletes I worked with. Nearly all the sports attire companies claim performance enhancement Physiclo is about training. This post is an excerpt from " The Top 5 Sports Training Apparel Picks for 2017" on. Elite Track & Field Coach, and Sports Technologist To use them, if required, access your game's Control options and alter them as required. They can therefore be used to alter a car's settings (engines, tires, fairing, etc.). In this mode, the 2 rotary encoders emulate the D-Pad's 4 main directions. This is the “Normal Mode”, offering 13 action buttons + D-Pad (in this mode, the D-Pads, shifters and 元/R3 buttons are combined). On PC, the Ferrari F1 racing wheel is recognized and appears onscreen under the name Thrustmaster T-GT Racing Wheel or TS-XW RACER (USB) or TS-PC RACER or Thrustmaster T500 RS Racing Wheel, Thrustmaster TX Racing wheel, or Thrustmaster T300 RS Racing Wheel. Notes regarding the FERRARI F1 racing wheel: Click on OK to save your settings and exit the Control Panel. Gain Settings: Enables you to configure the Force Feedback. Test Forces: Enables you to test 12 force effects. Test Input: Enables you to test the buttons, the D-Pad, the Wheel, the Pedals and to configure wheel Rotation Angle. The racing wheel appears onscreen with the status indication OKĤ - In the Control Panel, click Properties to configure your racing wheel: RESTART THE COMPUTER once the package setup is complete.ġ - Double-click the installation file (2021_TTRS_4.exe) to proceed with the installation.Ģ - Follow the instructions displayed onscreen.ģ- When done, select Start/All Apps/Thrustmaster/FFB Racing Wheel/Control Panel. DO NOT CLICK in any Windows-specific panes that may appear during the update process. DO NOT CONNECT the racing wheel to your PC before being prompted to do so. IT WILL THEN BE NECESSARY TO RUN IT AGAIN TO PROCEED TO THE INSTALLATION OF THE NEW VERSION IF A DRIVER PACKAGE FOR YOUR PRODUCT IS ALREADY INSTALLED ON THE COMPUTER, RUNNING THE PACKAGE INSTALLATION ONCE WILL ACTUALLY UNINSTALL THE PREVIOUS VERSION. Formula Wheel Add-On Ferrari SF1000 Edition: V5.51 BT LED Display: V1.17 (Main) - 1.18 (Bluetooth) T-GT Racing Wheel: V10 (for the base) and V32 (for the rim) Your wheel's Firmware version appears in the top right in the Control Panel's tabs: Switching between PS5 mode and PS4 mode: Press and hold the MODE button for 5 seconds to update PS4 mode (ORANGE LED) to PS5 mode (RED LED). New method for inverting your pedals: Hold MODE + 元 + R3 for 5 seconds for pedals inversion LED Colour Change: on PC, the LED color is now GREEN instead of red / When the pedals are successfully inversed, the LED flashes once every 8 seconds T300 - new Firmware V34: Led color change + New method for inverting your pedals + Switching between PS5 mode & PS4 mode TMX - new Firmware V17: fixed a force feedback issue with F1 2021 - XBOXĪdded new firmware for the T300 Racing Wheel: T248-X - new Firmware V2: fixed an issue with the MODE BUTTON and the FORCE function.Īdded new firmware for the TMX Racing Wheel: The FORCE function for the T248 screen allows you to adjust in real time (= directly in race) all the racing wheel's force effects from 20% to 100%.Īdded new firmware for the T248-X Racing Wheel: T248-PS - new Firmware V2: added a new features with the MODE BUTTON (FORCE function) Added support for the T248-X Racing WheelĪdded new firmware for the T248-PS Racing Wheel: Added T-BOOST function on PC (for all Thrustmaster Racing Wheels): The T-BOOST function improves on PC your performance by offering a more accurate feeling of the roadįixed a force feedback issue (for all Thrustmaster Racing Wheels) with F1 2021 - PC On March 7, 2020, a statement was issued on the official website in which Studio Klondike addressed the issues of unpaid money, clarified on the purported lawsuit, apologized for revealing personal information as part of the initial response to the allegations and offered an explanation to one unaccounted-for stretch goal. Plans to involve legal action were reported. In March 2020, during the funding period of Nekojishi: Lin & Partners Kickstarter, controversies surrounding Nekojishi circulated on the discussion board of PTT Bulletin Board System, which is based in Taiwan the production team had allegedly inexplicably laid off staff and reportedly failed to fully provide payment to artists. The last version of the Limited Edition is v1.06. On each startup of the Limited Edition, the user will be prompted by an age-restriction authorization agreement. However, the aforesaid website is down and the Limited Edition has since been removed with intent. The Limited Edition was available for free download on the official website and on Nekojishi's itch.io page, as well as purchasable for TWD$299 as an option to support the developers. The Limited Edition of Nekojishi is an age-restricted (18+) version of the base game with NSFW CGs and certain non-canon alterations to the plot, mainly towards the true endings. The latest version of the Standard Edition is v1.06. Standard Edition downloaded on Steam is compatible with the Nekojishi Original Soundtrack DLC. Standard Edition was released on Steam on November 12, 2017. In place of NSFW CGs from the Limited Edition, Standard Edition has expanded dialog and alterations to the plot, mainly towards the true endings. It can be played on Microsoft Windows, Linux and MacOS. The Standard Edition of Nekojishi is available on Steam as free-to-play and free to download on the itch.io, with optional contributions to support the developers. Note: Nekojishi features same-sex romances and cute cat dudes. Nekojishi is a visual novel about the pressures and consequences of deciding your future in a world of gods and spirits, the position that religion and folklore take in modern society, and three feline beast-men that Liao can’t seem to get out of his room or out of his head! Liao, now able to see the various spirits and gods in the world, has to deal with his new found powers, his school life, and three particular cats who all want to have a say in his life and his future. His ordinary college life seemed to be going well until suddenly one day his third eye was opened. A romance torn between school life and mysterious spirits!īorn into a religious family, Lin Tian-Liao left his hometown and moved to Taipei to study and follow his dreams, trying to escape the pressures of returning to his family’s temple in the process. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This game gives very excellent and effective graphics results to its users. This is an updated version of the Tekken 3 game. Tekken 7 is a fighting game developed and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Tekken 4 For Pc Free Download is an American game. An incredible game of combat Free Download for Windows. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". You can start multiplayer mode combat against players around the world and play solitary fights as well. Tekken 7 Highly Compressed is a 3D fighting game that allows players to compete against other gamers online or offline. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Tekken 7 Highly Compressed ISO Full Version with Torrent Link. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Back in 1994, Namco launched the fighting video game Tekken for arcade machines and, a year later, for home. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Tekken Tag Tournament is a compilation of the first three games of the Tekken saga in a complete fighting game that brings together all its characters. (4) Now, click on the zip file and install it. For the 1 st time, it allowed the players to maneuver around an arena interacting with walls & other obstacles for extra damage. (3) Go to the android setting opinions and allow to an unknown source. Tekken 4 Full Game introduced significant latest gameplay changes from the last games in the series. Mortal Kombat Trilogy (USA) PSX ISO Download. getintopc, skidrow,The Best PC Action Games for 2021. DOWNLOAD TEKKEN 3 FULL GAME FOR PC + EMULATOR HIGHLY COMPRESSED GAME INFORMATION: DOWNLOAD TEKKEN 3 FOR PC WITHOUT EMULATOR. Fullypcgames - Fully Pc Games Free Download - Pc Full Games - New PC Games Free Game Downloads, igg games. (2) Before installing, first you need to minor setting on android devices. GTA Vice City Game Fullypcgames Fully Pc Games Free Download Overview Free Download PC. (1) Download Tekken 3 APK from here and go to the download section on your android devices. Since you will be playing an emulated version of Tekken 3 using a keyboard and mouse it’s important to know about the controls.Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. How to Install Tekken 3 APK For Android + PPSSPP Emulator. The latest installment of the Tekken series Tekken 5 has been released and it comes with many new features and heroes. If you have played this game before on console or PC then you should definitely download Tekken 5. The different gaming modes offered by Tekken 3 are, Since Tekken 3 was a huge success, people enjoy playing this game more than other similar 1v1 fighting games. All these modes offer a unique gameplay experience and are worth checking out. Tekken 3 offers around eight different gaming modes. You can play Tekken 3 using any of the following characters,Īll these characters can be used in different game modes. In the next section, we have shared details about the game and the controls that will help you run the game without any problems. GO TO LOCATION WHERE YOU HAVE DOWNLOADED YOUR ZIP FILE AND SETUP FILE, 3. 1.DOWNLOAD THE ZIP FILE AND SETUP FILE FROM BELOW, 2. You can play it in either full screen or as a windowed program. Tekken 3 Game Download For Pc FREE DOWNLOAD powered by Doodlekit. If everything goes well the game will start on your PC. Lastly, click on the “Tekken.bat” file to start the game. Firstly, double-click and run the file “!Tekken.reg” to modify a few files in the Registry Editor.ģ. After extraction, a folder with 16 files will be generated. Once you’ve procured the Tekken 3 game data through your preferred method, it’s time to boot it up. Locate the downloaded files and using the software of your choice Extract the RAR file. NOTE: To avoid any trouble during installation we advise our readers to turn off ‘Real-Time Protection’ that’s offered by Windows Defender.ġ. The historian Peter Brock draws a parallel between Finch's (albeit later recanted) anti-pacifism and the views of the banker and abolitionist Samuel Hoare Jr who similarly expressed some anti-pacifist beliefs. In the text, he states that his previous views were due to a period of doubt and unbelief. In 1755, Finch published a second pamphlet recanting his anti-pacifist views titled Second Thoughts concerning War, wherein that great subject is candidly considered, and set in a new light, in answer to, and by the author of a late pamphlet, intitled "The Nature and Duty of Self Defence, addressed to the People called Quakers". Responses to his booklet against pacifism came from a number of Quaker writers including Joseph Besse and from an unknown and anonymous author who wrote a response called A Modest Plea in behalf of the People call'd Quakers. (Harwood and his two companions were later pardoned by King George II.) Harwood and two other soldiers he had influenced were convicted under martial law for laying down his arms during battle. His opposition to pacifism takes the form of two arguments, one theological and the other not. In 1746, he wrote a pamphlet entitled The Nature and Duty of Self-Defence: Addressed to the People called Quakers, which argued against Quaker beliefs on pacifism. While in hospital, Harwood had slept alongside a soldier who had been raised a Quaker and who lamented his non-adherence to the pacifism of his faith. Richard Finch was a merchant in London and a Quaker. Peter Brock supposes that these may have included Joseph Harwood and two of his fellow soldiers. įinch mentions in his pamphlet a number of Quaker soldiers who deserted their duty. The second argument draws an analogy between defending against an external aggressor and the right for a government to defend against a civil rebellion or a criminal. The theological argument is that man has a right to self-defence which was not abolished by Jesus in the gospels. Richard Finch was a merchant in London and a Quaker. |
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